Raj Kapoor
Early life and background
Raj Kapoor was born in Peshawar in the NWFP Province of Pakistan to actor, Prithviraj Kapoor, and Ramsarni (Rama) Devi née Mehra. He was the eldest of the four children in the Khatri Hindko family. He was the grandson of Dewan Basheswarnath Kapoor and great-grandson of Dewan Keshavmal Kapoor, part of the famous Kapoor family.
His younger brothers are the actors Shammi Kapoor and Shashi Kapoor. He also had a sister by name Urmila Sial.
Career
Raj Kapoor began his career as a clapper boy assisting Kidar Sharma at a film studio. At age eleven, he appeared in films for the first time, in the 1935 film Inquilab. After acting in several other films the next 12 years, Raj Kapoor's big break came with the lead role in Neel Kamal (1947) opposite Madhubala in her first role as a leading lady. In 1948, at the age of twenty-four, he established his own studio, R. K. Films, and became the youngest film director of his time. His first movie as a producer, director and star was the 1948 film Aag which was also the first of his many films with actress Nargis. However the film failed to do well at the box office. In 1949 he once again starred alongside Nargis and Dilip Kumar in Mehboob Khan's classic blockbuster Andaz which was his first major success as an actor.
He went on to produce, direct and star in many box office hits such as Barsaat (1949), Awaara (1951), Shree 420 (1955), Chori Chori (1956) and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (1960). These films established his screen image as The Tramp modeled on Charlie Chaplin's most famous screen persona. In 1964 he produced, directed and starred in Sangam which was his first film in colour. This was his last major success as a leading actor. He moved onto directing and starring in his ambitious 1970 film, Mera Naam Joker (My name is Joker), which took more than six years to complete. The film was said to be loosely based on his own life. When released in 1970, it was however a box office disaster putting him into a financial crisis. Despite this setback, the film was much later acknowledged as a misunderstood classic and Raj himself regarded this film as his favourite.
He bounced back in 1971 when he co-starred with his eldest son Randhir Kapoor in Randhir's acting and directorial debut Kal Aaj Aur Kal (1971) which also starred Raj's father Prithviraj Kapoor as well as Randhir's wife to be Babita. From then on he acted in films as a character actor and focused on producing and directing films. He launched his second eldest son Rishi Kapoor's career when he produced and directed Bobby (1973) which was not only a huge box office success but also introduced actress Dimple Kapadia, later a very popular actress, and was the first of a new generation of teen romances. Dimple wore bikinis in the film which was quite unique for Indian films then.
In the latter half of the 1970s and early 1980s he produced and directed films which focused on the female protagonists: Satyam Shivam Sundaram (1978) with Zeenat Aman, Prem Rog (1982) with Padmini Kolhapure and Ram Teri Ganga Maili (1985) which introduced Mandakini.
Raj Kapoor's last major film appearance was in Vakil Babu (1982). His last acting role was a cameo appearance in a 1984 released British made-for-television film titled Kim.
Death
Raj Kapoor suffered from asthma in his later years; he died of complications related to asthma in 1988 at sixty-three years of age. At the time of his death he was working on the movie Henna (an Indo-Pakistani love story). The film was later completed by his son Randhir Kapoor and released in 1991 going onto become a huge success.
Legacy
Raj Kapoor is appreciated both by film critics and ordinary film fans. Film historians and movie buffs speak of him as the "Charlie Chaplin of Indian cinema," since he often portrayed a tramp-like figure, who, despite adversity, was still cheerful and honest. His fame spread worldwide. He was adored by audiences in large parts of Africa, the Middle East, the former Soviet Union, China, and Southeast Asia; his movies were global commercial successes.
Many of Raj Kapoor's movies had a patriotic theme. His films Aag, Shree 420 and Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai (In the Country Where the Ganges Flows) celebrated the newly independent India, and encouraged film-goers to be patriots. Raj Kapoor commissioned these famous lyrics for "Mera Joota Hai Japani," a song from the movie Shree 420:
- Mera joota hai Japani
- Ye pataloon Inglistani
- Sar pe lal topi Roosi
- Phir bhi dil hai Hindustani
- My shoes are Japanese
- These trousers are English
- The red cap on my head is Russian
- However my heart is Indian
The song is still extremely popular and has been featured in a number of movies since Shree 420. Indian author Mahasweta Devi stopped the show with her inaugural speech at the 2006 Frankfurt Book Fair when she used these lyrics to express her own heartfelt patriotism and debt to her country.
Raj Kapoor was a canny judge of filmi music and lyrics. Many of the songs he commissioned are evergreen hits. He introduced the music directors Shankar Jaikishan and the lyricist Hasrat Jaipuri. He is also remembered for his strong sense of visual style. He used striking visual compositions, elaborate sets, and dramatic lighting to complete the mood set by the music. He introduced the actors Nimmi, Dimple Kapadia, and Mandakini, as well as launching and reviving the careers of his sons Rishi and Rajiv. Raj Kapoor was a great actor in the bollywood.
Personal life
The Kapoor family hailed from what is now Faisalabad (then called Lyallpur) in the Punjab province of present-day Pakistan.
In 1946, at 22, Raj Kapoor married Krishna Malhotra belonging to Jabalpur, in a traditional family-arranged wedding. Krishna was a distant relative, his father's maternal uncle's daughter. Her brothers Prem Nath as well as Rajindernath were also actors. Raj Kapoor and Krishna's eldest son Randhir Kapoor was born in 1947, followed by their elder daughter Ritu the year after, in 1948. The second son actor, Rishi Kapoor was born in 1952, and second daughter Reema in 1956. Their youngest son, Rajiv Kapoor was born in 1962. Randhir Kapoor, Rishi Kapoor and Rajiv Kapoor have all been associated with Bollywood as actors, directors or producers.
Kapoor is also known to have had a longtime romantic relationship with the renowned actress Nargis during the 1950s. But he couldn't marry her as his brother-in-law Premnath threatened him if he would do so, then he would shoot both of them. The couple starred in several films together, including Awaara and Shree 420. He is also alleged to have had an affair with Vyjayanthimala, his co-star in Sangam.
His grand daughters are Bollywood actress, Karishma Kapoor and Kareena Kapoor, the daughters of his eldest son Randhir Kapoor by his wife Babita. Ranbir Kapoor, the son of Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, his family has found another Kapoor scion to join the ranks of the Hindi Film Industry in 2007.
Association with other artists
Shankar Jaikishan
Shankar-Jaikishan were his music director of choice. He worked with them in 20 films in all including 10 of his own films from Barsaat until Kal Aaj Aur Kal. (Jagte Raho with Salil Chowdhury and Ab Dilli Dur Nahin being two exceptions in this period). Only after Jaikishan died, did he turn to a different music director - Laxmikant Pyarelal for Bobby.
List of films with Shankar Jaikishan:
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Nargis
- Raj Kapoor and Nargis worked together in 16 films including 6 of his own productions.
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Mukesh
Mukesh was Raj Kapoor's almost exclusive singing voice in almost all of his films. However Manna Dey has also sung many notable and super-hit songs for Raj Kapoor, for instance in Shree 420 and Chori Chori. Examples of such songs are best illustrated by following songs:
- Pyar Hua Iqrar Hua Hai (Shree 420)
- Dil Ka Haal Sune Dil Wala (Shree 420)
- Aaja Sanam Madhur Chandni Mein Hum (Chori Chori)
- Jahan Mein Jati Hoon Wahin Chale Aate Ho (Chori Chori)
- Yeh Raat Bhigi Bhigi, Yeh Mast Fazayen (Chori Chori)
- Masti Bhara Hai Samaan (Parvarish)
- Dum Dum diga diga
filmography
Actor
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1935 | Inquilab | ||
| 1943 | Hamari Baat | ||
| Gauri | |||
| 1946 | Valmiki | ||
| 1947 | Jail Yatra | ||
| Dil-Ki-Rani | Madhav (Madho) | ||
| Chittor Vijay | |||
| Neel Kamal | Madhusudan | ||
| 1948 | Gopinath | Mohan | |
| Amar Prem | |||
| Aag | Kewal Khanna | ||
| 1949 | Sunehre Din | Premendra | |
| Parivartan | |||
| Andaz | Rajan | ||
| Barsaat | Pran | ||
| 1950 | Sargam | ||
| Pyaar | |||
| Jan Pahchan | Anil | ||
| Dastan | Raj | ||
| Bawre Nain | Chand | ||
| Banwra | |||
| 1951 | Awaara | Raj Raghunath | |
| 1952 | Bewafa | Raj | |
| Ashiana | Raju | ||
| Anhonee | Rajkumar Saxena | ||
| Amber | Raj | ||
| 1953 | Paapi | ||
| Dhoon | |||
| Aah | Raj Raibahadur | ||
| 1954 | Boot Polish | Man asleep on train | Uncredited |
| 1955 | Shree 420 | Ranbir Raj/Raj Kumar of Pipli | |
| 1956 | Jagte Raho | Peasant | Nomination, Filmfare Best Actor Award |
| Chori Chori | Sagar/Sultana Daku | ||
| 1957 | Sharada | Shekhar | |
| 1958 | Phil Subha Hogi | Ram Babu | Nomination, Filmfare Best Actor Award |
| Parvarish | Raja Singh | ||
| 1959 | Main Nashe Men Hoon | Ram Das Khanna | |
| Kanhaiya | Kanhaiya | ||
| Do Ustad | Raj Kumar (Rajan)/Himself | ||
| Char Dil Char Raahein | Govinda | ||
| Anari | Raj Kumar | Winner, Filmfare Best Actor Award | |
| 1960 | Shriman Satyawadi | Vijay | |
| Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai | Raju | Winner, Filmfare Best Actor Award | |
| Chhalia | Chhalia | Nomination, Filmfare Best Actor Award | |
| 1961 | Nazrana | Rajesh | |
| 1962 | Aashiq | ||
| 1963 | Ek Dil Sao Afsane | Shekhar | |
| Dil Hi To Hai | Yusuf/Chand/Khan Sahib | ||
| 1964 | Sangam | Sunder | Nomination, Filmfare Best Actor Award |
| Dulha Dulhan | Raj Kumar | ||
| 1966 | Teesri Kasam | Hiraman/Meeta | |
| 1967 | Diwana | Pyarelal | |
| Around the World | Raj Singh | ||
| 1968 | Sapnon Ka Saudagar | Raj Kumar | |
| 1970 | Mera Naam Joker | Raju (Joker) | Nomination, Filmfare Best Actor Award |
| 1971 | Kal Aaj Aur Kal | Ram Kapoor | |
| 1973 | Mera Desh Mera Dharam | ||
| 1975 | Do Jasoos | Dharamchand Jasoos | |
| Dharam Karam | Ashok Babu | ||
| 1976 | Khan Dost | Hawaldar Ramdin | |
| 1977 | Chandi Sona | Gypsy singer | |
| 1978 | Satyam Shivam Sundaram | Voice | |
| 1978 | Naukri | Swaraj Singh 'Captain' | |
| 1980 | Abdullah | Abdullah | Nomination, Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award |
| 1982 | Gopichand Jasoos | Gopichand Jasoos | |
| Vakil Babu | Advocate Mathur | ||
| 1984 | Kim | Policeman |
Director
| Year | Film | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1948 | Aag | |
| 1949 | Barsaat | |
| 1951 | Awaara | |
| 1955 | Shree 420 | |
| 1964 | Sangam | Winner, Filmfare Best Movie Award Winner, Filmfare Best Director Award |
| 1970 | Mera Naam Joker | Winner, Filmfare Best Director Award Nomination, Filmfare Best Movie Award |
| 1973 | Bobby | Nomination, Filmfare Best Movie Award Nomination, Filmfare Best Director Award |
| 1978 | Satyam Shivam Sundaram | Nomination, Filmfare Best Director Award |
| 1982 | Prem Rog | Winner, Filmfare Best Movie Award Winner, Filmfare Best Director Award |
| 1985 | Ram Teri Ganga Maili | Winner, Filmfare Best Movie Award Winner, Filmfare Best Director Award |
Producer
| Year | Film |
|---|---|
| 1948 | Aag |
| 1949 | Barsaat |
| 1951 | Awaara |
| 1953 | Aah |
| 1954 | Boot Polish |
| 1955 | Shree 420 |
| 1956 | Jagte Raho |
| 1957 | Ab Dilli Dur Nahin |
| 1960 | Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai |
| 1964 | Sangam |
| 1970 | Mera Naam Joker |
| 1971 | Kal Aaj Aur Kal |
| 1973 | Bobby |
| 1975 | Dharam Karam |
| 1978 | Satyam Shivam Sundaram |
| 1981 | Biwi O Biwi |
| 1982 | Prem Rog |
List of awards and nominations
- Raj Kapoor was nominated for the Grand Prize at the 1953 Cannes Film Festival for Awaara
- In 1955, he was conferred with an honoury degree in Tehran.
- An Raj Kapoor Film Festival was held on his 75th Birth Anniversary at the Cultural Centre of Russia on 17 January, 2000.
- The 55th Cannes International Film Festival, which was held from May 16-26, 2002, comprised a Raj Kapoor Retrospective as a tribute to the showman.
- The prestigious Centre George Pompidou in Paris was hosting an important 3-month long festival of popular Indian cinema from February to April 2004, dedicated to five great Indian film personalities: Raj Kapoor, Guru Dutt, Mehboob Khan, Bimal Roy and V. Shantaram.
- A Raj Kapoor film festival was held in The Netherlands city The Hague from May 22 to June 1, 2008.
- A Raj Kapoor film festival will be held in the Omani capital Muscat from May 27 to June 10, 2008.
National honours and recognitions
- Raj Kapoor had been conferred with a "National Award" for cinematography for contribution to Indian cinema.
- In 1971, he was honoured with the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award from the Government of India.
- In 1987, he was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award for cinematic excellence
- On January 8, 2001, he was honoured with the "Best Director of the Millennium" award by Hero Honda-Stardust
- In 2002, he was named "Showman of the Millennium" by Star Screen Awards
- In 2007, he was conferred with a "Special Award" by Star Screen Awards
Filmfare Awards
Raj Kapoor had been nominated for 18 Filmfare awards in all.
- 1985 - Winner Best Movie for Ram Teri Ganga Maili
- 1985 - Winner Best Director for Ram Teri Ganga Maili
- 1982 - Winner Best Movie for Prem Rog
- 1982 - Winner Best Director for Prem Rog
- 1980 - Nominated Best Supporting Actor for Abdullah
- 1978 - Nominated Best Director for Satyam Shivam Sundaram
- 1973 - Nominated Best Director for Bobby
- 1973 - Nominated Best Movie for Bobby
- 1970 - Winner Best Director for Mera Naam Joker
- 1970 - Nominated Best Movie for Mera Naam Joker
- 1964 - Nominated Best Actor for Sangam
- 1964 - Winner Best Director for Sangam
- 1964 - Nominated Best Movie for Sangam
- 1960 - Winner Best Actor for Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai
- 1960 - Nominated Best Actor for Chhalia
- 1959 - Winner Best Actor for Anari
- 1958 - Nominated Best Actor for Phir Subha Hogi
- 1956 - Nominated Best Actor for Jagte Raho
Bengal Film Journalists' Association Awards
- 1964 - Winner Best Director for Sangam
- 1964 - Winner Best Editor for Sangam
- 1967 - Winner BFJA Awards, Best Actor for Teesri Kasam
- 1971 - Winner BFJA Awards, Best Actor for Mera Naam Joker
- 1971 - Winner Best Director Mera Naam Joker
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